International Comparison of Sustainability practices in Iron and Steel Industry

2025-04-05T12:07:13+00:00

This study evaluates the environmental sustainability performance of the iron and steel industry across multiple countries using key indicators such as CO? emissions, energy consumption, GHG emissions, and crude steel production. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods, including entropy, CRITIC, and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, are employed to assess country-specific sustainability rankings. Additionally, sigma convergence analysis examines trends in sustainability performance over time.

Findings reveal significant disparities among countries. Spain emerges as the top performer (TOPSIS score: 0.1270), followed by Italy (0.1517), Austria (0.1570), and Belgium (0.1698), highlighting the effectiveness of stringent environmental policies and technological advancements. Conversely, China (Rank 23, 0.6232) and India (Rank 22, 0.5887) lag behind due to high emissions and industrialization challenges. Within the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries, Turkey (Rank 14, 0.2631) performs relatively better, while China remains among the lowest-ranked. Similarly, BRICS countries such as South Africa and Brazil exhibit weaker sustainability outcomes.

The study underscores the need for robust policy interventions, technological innovations, and international cooperation to enhance sustainability in the global steel sector. It provides policy recommendations focused on emission reductions, energy efficiency, and governance improvements to align national practices with global sustainability goals.

The Effects of the Israeli Occupation on the Global Economy

2025-04-19T07:35:42+00:00

Geopolitical conflicts always affect economic conditions. Just as the war between Russia and Ukraine caused devastating economic repercussions on the world, the scenario appears to be being repeated now with regard to the recent escalation between the Israeli occupation forces and the Palestinian resistance in the Gaza Strip, and it is expected that the impact will be greater on the region. The Middle East and its markets, then the entire world economy, which heralds a state of recession that will seep into more countries. The conflict has caused negative growth in the gross public product, and three years of negative growth in the per capita public product, and this means a decline in the standard of living. These reductions have increased poverty and weakened support mechanisms for the unemployed, female and low-wage workers, and families with multiple children. It also led to the reduction of other budgets, including the housing budget and equal aid to weak local authorities. Despite the changes that have occurred since those years, all of this today forms part of social policy.

Global Journal on International Business and Economics Development (Online ISSN: 2581-3447)

International Comparison of Sustainability practices in Iron and Steel Industry

The Effects of the Israeli Occupation on the Global Economy