Quantifying the Economic Costs of Road Traffic Accidents in Jamaica: A Cost-of-Illness and Productivity Loss Analysis (2015-2025)

Abstract

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represent a persistent public health and economic challenge in Jamaica. While national statistics document fatalities and injuries annually, there is limited empirical evidence quantifying their comprehensive economic burden.

Objective: This study estimates the total economic cost of road traffic accidents in Jamaica from 2015 to 2025 using a cost-of-illness framework and human capital approach.

Methods: A retrospective quantitative design was employed using secondary data obtained from the Jamaica Constabulary Force, Statistical Institute of Jamaica, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica, and Planning Institute of Jamaica. Direct medical costs (emergency care, hospitalisation, rehabilitation), indirect productivity losses (premature mortality and morbidity), and property damage costs were estimated. Productivity losses were calculated using the human capital approach. Annual economic burden was expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Time-series trend analysis and sensitivity testing (3%-5% discount rates) were conducted.

Results: Preliminary modelling suggests that RTAs impose substantial macroeconomic losses, with productivity costs accounting for the largest share of total burden. Estimated annual costs are projected to exceed 2% of GDP in peak years, indicating significant economic strain.

Conclusion: Road traffic accidents generate substantial economic losses in Jamaica, primarily through productivity reductions associated with premature mortality. These findings provide critical evidence for cost-benefit evaluation of road safety interventions and national injury prevention strategies.